Improvement In Food Resources Short Notes Class 9 , Master It!

Struggling to revise Improvement in Food Resources before exams? You’re not alone. But what if you could cover the entire Class 9 NCERT Science Chapter 12 — from crop yields to poultry farming — in clear, bite-sized notes that are easy to scan, and memorize.

These exam-focused Improvement In Food Resources Short Notes Class 9 is 100% based on NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 12 – Improvement in Food Resources. Every keyword, insight, and concept is preserved — no additions, no omissions. Just pure, distilled knowledge for fast revision and full marks.

Want deeper understanding? 💡 Read our detailed explanation of the same chapter on this website — where every topic is broken down with real-life examples and exam tips.

Introduction

Why Do Living Organisms Need Food?

Functions of Food

• Required for :
  • Body development
  • Growth
  • Health

Need for Increased Food Production

• India is a very populous country
• Population is over one billion and still growing
• Soon, we will need more than 250 million tonnes of grain every year

Limited Cultivable Land

• Farming on more land is not a long-term solution
• India is already intensively cultivated
• There is no major scope to increase the area of land under cultivation

Solution : Improve Production Efficiency

• Must increase production efficiency
• Needed for both :
  • Crops
  • Livestock

Successes in Food Production

Environmental Concerns

Intensive Use of Natural Resources

• Green and White Revolutions use natural resources more intensively
• Increased risk of :
  • Environmental damage
  • Destruction of ecological balance

Food Security and Hunger

Grain Storage Is Not Enough

• Simply increasing grain production and storing in warehouses cannot solve :
  • Malnutrition
  • Hunger

Role of Agriculture in Livelihood

• The majority of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood
• To combat hunger, we must :
  • Increase incomes of people working in agriculture

Scientific and Integrated Farming Practices

Scientific Management

• Scientific management practices should be used
• Goal : obtain high yields from farms

Sustainable Livelihood Practices

Mixed Farming

• Combine crop farming with animal farming

Intercropping

• Grow two or more crops together in the same field

Integrated Farming

• Combine agriculture with :
  • Livestock
  • Poultry
  • Fisheries
  • Bee-keeping

Summary Table : Integrated Farming Approaches

Improvements in Crop Yields

Food Crops and Their Nutritional Contributions

Factors Affecting Crop Growth

Crop Seasons in India

Increase in Food Grain Production

Key Activities for Improving Crop Yields

Summary of Crop Improvement Strategies

Crop Variety Improvement

Goal of Crop Variety Improvement

• To develop crop varieties that give high yields
• Must perform well under different growing conditions

Selection and Breeding of Varieties

Seed Quality and Uniformity

Farmers need good quality seeds of improved varieties

Relation Between Cultivation and Environment

• Since weather events like drought and flood are unpredictable
• Therefore, varieties that grow in diverse climates are essential

Development of Tolerant Varieties

• Varieties have been developed to tolerate :
  • High soil salinity
  • Other harsh abiotic conditions

Main Objectives of Variety Improvement

Higher Yield

• Increase productivity per acre

Biotic and Abiotic Resistance

Resistant varieties help maintain and improve crop production

Change in Maturity Duration

Shorter duration from sowing to harvesting is more economical

Desirable Agronomic Characteristics

Summary Table: Objectives of Crop Variety Improvement

Crop Production Management

Farming in India : Scale and Resources

• Farming ranges from small to very large farms

Nutrient Management

Why Nutrients Are Needed

Effects of Nutrient Deficiency

Enriching Soil with Nutrients

Manure

Fertilizers

Manure vs Fertilizers

• Fertilizers : short-term yield boost
• Manure : long-term soil health and sustainability

Organic Farming

Benefits

• Controls insects, pests, and weeds
• Maintains soil fertility
• Environmentally sustainable

Irrigation

Goal

• Expand area under irrigation to ensure water supply

Irrigation Systems in India

• Varies based on water resources and climate

Cropping Patterns

Purpose

• Maximize benefits from land use
• Reduce risk, improve yield, and maintain soil health

CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT

Threats to Field Crops

• If not controlled on time → major crop loss or complete failure

Weeds

Insect Pests

Causes of Diseases

Chemical Use and Environmental Concerns

Storage of Grains

Why Storage Is Important

• Prevent post-harvest losses
• Ensure food availability throughout the year

Causes of Storage Losses

Preventive and Control Measures

• Before Storage :
  • Clean the produce thoroughly
• Dry properly :
  • First in sunlight
  • Then in shade
• Fumigation :
  • Use chemicals to kill pests in stored grains
• During Storage :
  • Maintain low moisture
  • Control temperature
  • Use sealed, clean, and dry storage spaces
  • Regular monitoring for pests and spoilage

Summary Table : Crop Protection and Storage

Animal Husbandry

What Is Animal Husbandry?

• Scientific management of animal livestock
• Includes :
  • Feeding
  • Breeding
  • Disease control

Why Improve Livestock Production?

1. Rising population and living standards → higher demand for :
   • Milk
   • Eggs
   • Meat
2. Growing awareness of humane treatment of animals
3. Need for improved and sustainable livestock production

Cattle Farming

Purpose of Cattle Farming

• Two main purposes :

1. Milk production
2. Draught labour for agricultural work like :
   • Tilling
   • Irrigation
   • Carting

Shelter and Care

Animal Hygiene

• Regular brushing to remove :
  • Dirt
  • Loose hair

Feeding of Dairy Animals

Two Types of Nutritional Needs

1. Maintenance requirement :

• Food to keep animal healthy and alive

1. Milk-producing requirement :

• Extra nutrients needed during lactation

Diseases in Cattle

Effects of Diseases

• Can cause death
• Reduce milk production

Signs of a Healthy Animal :

• Eats regularly
• Normal posture

Infectious Diseases

• Caused by :
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses

Summary Table : Cattle Farming Essentials

Poultry Farming

Purpose of Poultry Farming

• Raising domestic fowl for :
  • Egg production
  • Chicken meat

Breeding in Poultry

Desirable Traits in Improved Breeds

1. High number and good quality of chicks
2. Dwarf broiler parent → reduces feeding cost in commercial chick production
3. Summer adaptation/heat tolerance → performs well in high temperatures
4. Low maintenance requirements → economical to rear
5. Smaller egg-laying bird that can :
   • Utilise fibrous, cheaper diets
   • Use agricultural by-products in feed

Egg and Broiler Production

Management Practices for Good Production

• Essential for both layers and broilers
• Include :
  • Proper temperature control
  • Hygienic housing and feed
  • Disease and pest prevention
  • Regular cleaning and sanitation

Nutritional and Environmental Needs

Broilers vs Layers – Key Differences

Diseases in Poultry

Summary Table : Poultry Farming Essentials

Fish Production

Importance of Fish

• Cheap source of animal protein
• Includes :
  • Finned fish (true fish)
  • Shellfish: prawns, molluscs

Two Ways of Obtaining Fish

1. Capture fishing :

• From natural water bodies (rivers, seas, lakes)

1. Culture fishery (fish farming) :

• Rearing and breeding fish in controlled conditions

Marine Fisheries

India’s Marine Resources

• 7500 km coastline
• Includes deep seas

Fishing Methods

• Use of fishing nets from fishing boats
• Satellites and echo-sounders used to locate large schools of fish → increases yield

Inland Fisheries

Water Sources

• Freshwater: canals, ponds, reservoirs, rivers
• Brackish water: estuaries, lagoons

Fish Production Methods

• Capture fishing: limited yield
• Aquaculture: main source of inland fish production

Selection of Species

• Based on different food habits → no competition
• Ensures complete use of pond food resources

Common Species and Their Feeding Zones

• Together, they use all food in the pond → higher fish yield

Challenges in Fish Farming

Summary Table : Fish Production Methods

Bee-Keeping

Advantages for Farmers

• Low investment required
• Used as additional income-generating activity

Bee Varieties Used in Honey Production

Establishment of Bee Farms

• Apiaries (bee farms) are set up for commercial honey production
• Location and management are crucial for high yield

Factors Affecting Honey Quality

Two Key Aspects

Summary Table: Bee-Keeping Essentials

Conclusion: Improvement In Food Resources Short Notes Class 9

These short notes on Improvement in Food Resources are your ultimate revision companion — scientifically structured for clarity, retention, and confidence. Whether you’re preparing for class tests or board exams, all important keyword-included , and NCERT-aligned summary that covers everything and misses nothing.

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FAQs: Improvement In Food Resources
Short Notes Class 9

Q1. Are these short notes reliable for exam preparation?

A : Yes. These notes are 100% based on your original text — no external information added. Every concept, keyword, and example from your content is included, making them accurate, trustworthy, and exam-focused.

Q2. How do I know no important keyword is missing?

A : Each note is created with strict keyword preservation. Every term from your text — like lactation period, composite fish culture, hybridisation, rabi crops — is bolded and included exactly as it appears. Nothing is skipped.

Q3. Can I rely on these notes instead of reading the full chapter?

A : Yes — if your goal is revision and quick recall. These notes are designed to replace long textbook reading during last-minute prep. They contain all key ideas in a scannable format, so you can revise faster and remember longer. But reading textbook is important. You Can read our Explanantion to the chapter 12 Here.

Q4. Are these notes too simplified? Will they help in scoring full marks?

A : No, they’re not oversimplified — they’re smartly condensed. Every point is complete and exam-ready, with tables, comparisons, and definitions exactly as needed. Use them to revise efficiently and write precise answers in exams.

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Q7. Are these notes updated with the latest syllabus?

A : These notes are not syllabus-dependent — they are based entirely on the text you provided. So, as long as your text is from your current syllabus (e.g., NCERT Class 9 Science Chapter 12 – Improvement in Food Resources), these notes are 100% relevant and up-to-date.

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