[2025]The Most Important Federalism Assertion And Reason Type Questions For Class 10, You can't Miss! -

Boost Your Federalism Knowledge with Federalism Assertion And Reason Type Questions – Class 10 CBSE

Federalism is an important topic for Class 10 CBSE students. It’s essential to understand how power is divided between the central and state governments.

Federalism Assertion And Reason Type Questions are a great way to test your understanding of this concept.

These questions help you think critically. They challenge you to connect ideas and explain your reasoning. By practicing them, you can improve your analytical skills and better understand how federal systems work.

Why should you try these questions?

They help you prepare for exams effectively.
They strengthen your problem-solving skills.
They make complex topics easier to understand.

This collection will help you master federalism and perform well in your exams.

For all the question consider the same format as below

Each question includes:

Assertion (A): A statement of fact.
Reason (R): An explanation for the assertion.

You must choose the correct option:

Options:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.

I suggest you first read and understand our explanantion on Federalism before attemting the below questions.

1.

Assertion (A): Federalism is a system in which power is divided between a central authority and various constituent units.
Reason (R): In a unitary system, the central government holds all powers and may delegate powers to local levels.
Options:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements define the contrast between federal and unitary systems. The reason explains how federalism differs from a unitary setup.
🧠 Logic Tip: Focus on the keyword “division of power” in A and contrast it with “centralization” in R.

2.

A: In a federal system, state governments are not subordinate to the central government.
R: State governments are appointed by the central government.
A. A and R are true, and R explains A.
B. A is true, R is false.
C. A is false, R is true.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: A is true – state governments function independently. R is false – they are elected, not appointed.
🧠 Logic Tip: Remember: federalism = elected, not dictated.

3.

A: Belgium moved from a unitary to a federal form of government in 1993.
R: This change gave regional governments constitutional powers independent of the central government.
A. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the explanation.
C. A is true, R is false.
D. A is false, R is true.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true and R explains the structural shift in Belgium.
🧠 Logic Tip: Constitutional power = federalism = not dependent on central control.

4.

A: Sri Lanka follows a federal system of government.
R: Tamil leaders in Sri Lanka demanded a federal system.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.
B. A is true, R is false.
C. A is false, R is true.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – Sri Lanka is unitary. R is true – Tamil leaders seek federalism.
🧠 Logic Tip: If there’s demand for federalism, it means it doesn’t exist yet.

5.

A: In a federal system, the Constitution specifies the powers of different levels of government.
R: This ensures that no level of government can override the other unilaterally.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Constitutionally defined jurisdictions prevent one level from overpowering the other.
🧠 Logic Tip: Fixed rules = fair play = balance of power.

6.

A: All federal countries have an equal distribution of power among their states.
R: In ‘holding together’ federations, central governments are often stronger.
A. A is true, R is false.
B. A is false, R is true.
C. Both are true and R explains A.
D. Both are false.
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: A is false – power distribution varies. R is true, especially for countries like India.
🧠 Logic Tip: “Holding together” = unequal power.

7.

A: The Indian Constitution uses the word “federalism” to define India.
R: India follows federal principles though not using the word “federation” explicitly.
A. Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
B. A is true, R is false.
C. A is false, R is true.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – the term “Union of States” is used. R is true – principles are followed.
🧠 Logic Tip: What matters more is practice, not the label.

Federalism Assertion And Reason Type Questions

8.

A: The Union List deals with matters like defence, banking, and foreign affairs.
R: These subjects require uniform policies across the country.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Subjects of national importance need uniformity. Hence, only the Union Government legislates.
🧠 Logic Tip: Defence and foreign policy cannot vary state to state.

9.

A: The Concurrent List allows only the Union Government to make laws.
R: Both Union and State Governments can legislate on concurrent subjects.
A. Both A and R are true.
B. A is true, R is false.
C. A is false, R is true.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – both can make laws. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: “Concurrent” = shared.

10.

A: Residuary subjects like software are legislated by State Governments.
R: These subjects are not mentioned in the original Constitution.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – Union Government makes laws on residuary subjects. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: New topics → Central authority handles it.

11.

A: States like Nagaland have special powers due to their unique social conditions.
R: Article 371 of the Constitution provides these powers.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true and explain the situation of northeastern states.
🧠 Logic Tip: Diversity = special provisions.

12.

A: Union Territories have the same powers as States.
R: UTs like Delhi are too small to be made full states.
A. Both A and R are true.
B. A is false, R is true.
C. A is true, R is false.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: A is false – UTs have limited powers. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: UTs = Central control.

13.

A: Parliament alone can change the power-sharing arrangements in the Constitution.
R: Any change requires only Lok Sabha approval.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – changes require state ratification too.
🧠 Logic Tip: Federalism = shared approval.

14.

A: Judiciary ensures that the federal structure is followed.
R: Courts act as umpires in power disputes between levels of government.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Judiciary interprets and enforces constitutional balance.
🧠 Logic Tip: Courts = referee in power games.

15.

A: Linguistic reorganisation of states weakened Indian unity.
R: States were created on the basis of language.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – it strengthened unity. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: Common language = stronger identity = better administration.

16.

A: Hindi is the national language of India.
R: It is spoken as a mother tongue by about 40% of Indians.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – no national language. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: Official ≠ National.

17.

A: English was to be discontinued for official use after 1965.
R: Protests led to its continued use along with Hindi.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true, and R explains A.
🧠 Logic Tip: Protests = policy flexibility.

18.

A: Central Government can impose Hindi on any State.
R: Promotion of Hindi means compulsory use in all States.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Constitution respects language diversity.
🧠 Logic Tip: “Promotion” ≠ “Imposition”.

19.

A: Linguistic states proved to be a threat to national integrity.
R: India now has fewer states than in 1947.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – number of states increased, and unity improved.
🧠 Logic Tip: Experience > fear.

20.

A: Centre-state relations remained balanced throughout history.
R: From 1990 onwards, coalition governments helped federalism.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – early imbalance existed. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: Coalition = compromise = balance.

21.

A: Coalition governments have weakened Indian federalism.
R: Coalition era allowed regional parties to become part of central government.
A. Both A and R are true and R explains A.
B. A is true, R is false.
C. A is false, R is true.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – coalition governments actually promoted federalism. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: More voices = stronger federal spirit.

22.

A: Indian federalism is called “quasi-federal”.
R: The Centre can dismiss state governments easily.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: The term “quasi-federal” reflects a strong central bias in practice.
🧠 Logic Tip: “Quasi” means partial — India is federal with a central tilt.

23.

A: Local self-government was constitutionalised in 1992.
R: The 73rd and 74th amendments gave legal status to local bodies.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true and directly linked.
🧠 Logic Tip: 1992 = Power to the people (locally).

24.

A: Panchayati Raj institutions operate only in rural areas.
R: Urban areas have no elected local bodies.
A. Both A and R are true.
B. A is true, R is false.
C. A is false, R is true.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: A is true – Panchayats are rural. R is false – cities have municipal bodies.
🧠 Logic Tip: Panchayats = rural; Municipalities = urban.

25.

A: Gram Sabha includes all voters of a village.
R: It is the main decision-making body in Panchayati Raj.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Gram Sabha is grassroots democracy – everyone participates.
🧠 Logic Tip: Democracy begins at the doorstep.

26.

A: Zilla Parishad is the lowest level of Panchayati Raj.
R: Village Panchayat is headed by a Pradhan or Sarpanch.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – Zilla Parishad is the top rural tier. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: Big names like “Zilla” mean top level.

27.

A: One-third of all local body seats are reserved for women.
R: This is done to ensure gender equality in politics.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Constitutional amendments ensured fair representation for women.
🧠 Logic Tip: 1/3rd = Women’s voice in governance.

28.

A: Local bodies in India enjoy vast financial autonomy.
R: They can generate unlimited local taxes for development.
A. Both A and R are true.
B. A is false, R is true.
C. A is true, R is false.
D. Both A and R are false.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Local bodies often lack funds and depend on state or central aid.
🧠 Logic Tip: Power exists, but money limits action.

29.

A: The Constitution of India clearly outlines three levels of government.
R: Local governments are constitutionally recognised after 1992 amendments.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: 73rd and 74th amendments gave a third tier official recognition.
🧠 Logic Tip: It took time, but now all 3 levels are official.

30.

A: The President of India decides disputes between Centre and States.
R: The judiciary has no role in resolving federal disputes.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Supreme Court resolves such disputes, not the President.
🧠 Logic Tip: Judiciary = referee in Centre–State issues.

31.

A: Federalism in India is symmetrical.
R: All states in India have equal powers.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Indian federalism is asymmetrical. Some states (like J&K earlier, NE states) had special powers.
🧠 Logic Tip: One size doesn’t fit all.

32.

A: In India, only the Union Government can make laws on education.
R: Education is a subject in the State List.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Education is on the Concurrent List; both can legislate.
🧠 Logic Tip: Schools = shared responsibility.

33.

A: The central government is more powerful in a ‘coming together’ federation.
R: ‘Coming together’ means states voluntarily united to form a larger unit.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – power is equally distributed. R is true.
🧠 Logic Tip: “Coming together” = equal partners.

34.

A: In a ‘holding together’ federation, the central government usually retains more powers.
R: India is a ‘holding together’ federation.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true and R explains the context of Indian federalism.
🧠 Logic Tip: “Hold together” = Centre leads the bond.

35.

A: The Indian model of federalism is rigid and inflexible.
R: The Constitution provides a strict separation of powers between all levels.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Indian federalism is flexible and often overlapping.
🧠 Logic Tip: Flexibility = Indian style federalism.

36.

A: Each level of government in India has its own judiciary.
R: High Courts and Supreme Court function at the national level only.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: India has a unified judiciary – not separate ones for Centre and States.
🧠 Logic Tip: One nation = one judiciary.

37.

A: Decentralisation helps reduce the workload of the Central and State governments.
R: Local governments deal with local issues directly.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Delegating local duties ensures efficiency and better governance.
🧠 Logic Tip: Local solutions for local problems.

38.

A: Citizens can directly participate in decision-making through local bodies.
R: Panchayats and municipalities conduct elections and Gram Sabhas.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Grassroots democracy involves the people directly.
🧠 Logic Tip: Neighbourhood democracy in action.

39.

A: Indian federalism does not allow any central interference in state matters.
R: State governments are fully autonomous in their areas.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – central government can legislate under certain conditions, and autonomy has limits.
🧠 Logic Tip: Autonomy ≠ isolation.

40.

A: The Constitution distributes powers between Centre and States through three lists.
R: Union, State, and Concurrent Lists divide subjects of legislation.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: This structure ensures clarity and balance in law-making.
🧠 Logic Tip: Lists = division = clarity.

41.

A: Federalism allows cultural diversity to flourish.
R: Different states can have their own official language.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: States are allowed to preserve their identity and language.
🧠 Tip: Federalism = Unity with diversity.

42.

A: Federalism promotes better decision-making.
R: Local and state-level leaders understand regional problems better.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Local governance leads to region-specific solutions.
🧠 Tip: Local leaders = local wisdom.

43.

A: The Constitution of India provides for independent elections to local bodies.
R: The Election Commission of India conducts local body elections.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is true, but R is false – State Election Commissions conduct local elections.
🧠 Tip: Local polls = State job.

44.

A: All subjects related to law and order fall under the State List.
R: Only states can make laws regarding policing and prisons.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Law and order is indeed a State subject.
🧠 Tip: Law & order = State responsibility.

45.

A: Central government can make laws on State List in times of emergency.
R: Constitution grants overriding power to Centre during emergencies.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True – Centre takes control during crisis.
🧠 Tip: Emergency = Centre takes charge.

46.

A: India has a rigid federal system like the USA.
R: Indian states cannot amend the Constitution.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – Indian system is flexible. R is true.
🧠 Tip: Flexibility is India’s federal strength.

47.

A: Decentralisation is necessary in a large country like India.
R: It ensures efficiency and public participation.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true and reason explains the assertion.
🧠 Tip: Big country = small governments.

48.

A: Federalism increases bureaucracy and delays decisions.
R: It creates multiple layers of governance.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – federalism can speed up decision-making. R is true – but doesn’t explain A.
🧠 Tip: More layers ≠ more delays.

49.

A: Local governments have full control over their finances.
R: They are financially independent from state governments.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – local governments often depend on higher authorities for funds.
🧠 Tip: Power without funds = powerless.

50.

A: The 73rd amendment led to the formation of Municipal Corporations.
R: It focused on urban governance.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – 73rd is for Panchayats. 74th is for municipalities. R is true.
🧠 Tip: 73rd = rural, 74th = urban.

51.

A: The State List contains subjects of national importance.
R: These subjects require uniform policies across all states.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – State List is for state-specific subjects like police, agriculture.
🧠 Tip: National issues ≠ State List.

52.

A: Water disputes are solved by the Inter-State Council.
R: The Constitution mandates such disputes be handled politically.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – water disputes are handled by tribunals. R is true in spirit but not fully accurate.
🧠 Tip: Water fights? Tribunals step in.

53.

A: Residuary powers in India lie with the States.
R: Subjects not listed in any list are handled by State governments.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Centre has residuary powers.
🧠 Tip: Unknown = Centre decides.

54.

A: Different levels of government should not interfere in each other’s work.
R: Clear distribution of powers is the essence of federalism.
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: A is too rigid – cooperation is key. R is true.
🧠 Tip: Federalism = clear roles with cooperation.

55.

A: All Indian states have bicameral legislatures.
R: Every state has both a Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – only a few states have a second house.
🧠 Tip: Most states = one house only.

56.

A: India has federal features but also shows unitary traits.
R: Centre has powers to dismiss state governments under certain conditions.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are true and well-linked.
🧠 Tip: India = federal in form, unitary in practice sometimes.

57.

A: Local governments make the Indian democracy more inclusive.
R: They allow marginalized groups like women, SCs, and STs to participate.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Reservations in local bodies support representation.
🧠 Tip: Grassroots = inclusive growth.

58.

A: Only Parliament can amend the Constitution of India.
R: States have no role in any constitutional amendment.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is true, but R is false – for certain amendments, states must ratify.
🧠 Tip: Some changes = need state nod.

59.

A: Federalism reduces chances of tyranny and abuse of power.
R: Power is divided among various levels of government.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Division of power means no one can dominate.
🧠 Tip: Sharing = no tyranny.

60.

A: India adopted federalism to accommodate its vast diversity.
R: India has multiple languages, religions, and cultures.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Diversity needs decentralized governance.
🧠 Tip: Unity in diversity = reason for federalism.

61.

A: The Union List includes subjects of national importance.
R: These subjects require a uniform policy across the country.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both A and R are true, and R explains A.
🧠 Tip: One nation = one policy on key issues.

62.

A: Decentralisation leads to dictatorship at the local level.
R: More power at the grassroots weakens democracy.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both statements are false – decentralisation strengthens democracy.
🧠 Tip: Power to people = stronger democracy.

63.

A: Education is a subject in the Concurrent List.
R: Both state and central governments can make laws on education.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both A and R are true and connected.
🧠 Tip: Education = shared subject.

64.

A: Local self-government was a major step toward decentralisation.
R: It gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: 73rd Amendment empowered local governance.
🧠 Tip: 73rd = village power.

65.

A: During an emergency, the federal structure remains unchanged.
R: The Constitution ensures strict separation of powers.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Centre becomes powerful during emergency.
🧠 Tip: Emergency = federal pause.

66.

A: India’s federal system is called “quasi-federal.”
R: It has a strong Centre and weak states.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true, and R explains A.
🧠 Tip: Quasi = semi-federal.

67.

A: Centre cannot legislate on State List subjects under any circumstances.
R: States are completely sovereign in their domains.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both A and R are false – Centre can act during emergencies or with Rajya Sabha’s approval.
🧠 Tip: Some exceptions apply.

68.

A: Language policy in India promotes only Hindi.
R: States are forced to adopt Hindi as their official language.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – multiple languages are recognized.
🧠 Tip: India = multilingual.

69.

A: Union territories have the same powers as full-fledged states.
R: They have elected governments and legislatures.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – UTs have limited powers.
🧠 Tip: UT ≠ State.

70.

A: Power-sharing is the essence of federalism.
R: It prevents the concentration of power in a single authority.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True and well-explained.
🧠 Tip: Shared power = safe power.

71.

A: The three-tier system was introduced to increase centralisation.
R: It gave the Union Government more control over states and local bodies.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – three-tier means decentralisation.
🧠 Tip: Three tiers = decentral power.

72.

A: Indian Constitution provides dual citizenship under federalism.
R: Each citizen is a member of both the nation and the state.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – India doesn’t allow dual citizenship. R is true but misinterpreted.
🧠 Tip: One passport = one citizenship.

73.

A: Federalism is based on mutual trust and agreement.
R: States voluntarily joined the Indian federation.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: India’s unity respects diversity.
🧠 Tip: Trust builds unity.

74.

A: State governments cannot challenge laws made by the Centre.
R: The Centre is always supreme in federal disputes.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – Judiciary can review Centre’s laws.
🧠 Tip: Supreme Court = referee.

75.

A: Indian federalism is symmetrical.
R: All states have equal power and status.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false – Indian federalism is asymmetrical (some states/UTs have special powers).
🧠 Tip: Some states are “special.”

76.

A: Subjects of common interest are included in the Concurrent List.
R: It allows both Centre and states to legislate on them.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both A and R are true and related.
🧠 Tip: Shared list = concurrent list.

77.

A: The 74th Amendment empowers urban local bodies.
R: It provides constitutional recognition to municipalities.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Correct connection between A and R.
🧠 Tip: 74th = urban empowerment.

78.

A: In a federal system, only the national government is supreme.
R: States are subordinate units.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – power is shared, not subordinate.
🧠 Tip: Shared power ≠ boss power.

79.

A: The Constitution of India divides power into four lists.
R: It includes Union, State, Concurrent, and Emergency lists.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false – there are only three lists.
🧠 Tip: Just 3: Union, State, Concurrent.

80.

A: Constitution clearly defines powers of each level of government.
R: This reduces the chances of conflict between Centre and states.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Division of powers maintains harmony.
🧠 Tip: Clarity = fewer clashes.

81.

A: Federalism ensures unity in diversity.
R: It accommodates regional and linguistic differences.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both statements are true and connected.
🧠 Tip: Diverse yet united.

82.

A: State governments in India are financially independent.
R: They collect all major taxes.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false – major taxes are collected by Centre.
🧠 Tip: Centre = main tax collector.

83.

A: The word ‘federation’ is used in the Indian Constitution.
R: India is a federation because it has a federal structure.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – the term is not used. R is true.
🧠 Tip: Function over words.

84.

A: Residuary powers in India lie with the Centre.
R: Subjects not in any list are legislated by the Central Government.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both are correct and related.
🧠 Tip: Extra powers = Centre.

85.

A: Centre can remove state governments anytime.
R: States exist at the mercy of the Centre.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – states have constitutional protection.
🧠 Tip: States are safe.

86.

A: Linguistic states were created to reduce regionalism.
R: It helped people feel more connected to their local governments.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: True – it fostered unity.
🧠 Tip: Speak the language, feel at home.

87.

A: The Constitution provides for an independent judiciary.
R: Judiciary resolves disputes between Centre and states.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and connected.
🧠 Tip: SC = referee.

88.

A: Local governments can function effectively without funds.
R: People’s participation is more important than finances.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – funds are essential.
🧠 Tip: No money = no action.

89.

A: The concept of federalism in India promotes national integration.
R: It respects the autonomy of states while maintaining unity.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Federalism = unity with autonomy.
🧠 Tip: Unity + Respect = Federalism.

90.

A: In India, the President governs the state in normal times.
R: The Governor acts as the President’s representative.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – states are governed by Chief Ministers. R is true.
🧠 Tip: CM rules, Governor represents.

91.

A: Federalism leads to speedy decision-making.
R: All decisions are made by the central authority.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – federalism may slow decisions but ensures inclusivity.
🧠 Tip: Shared power, slower pace.

92.

A: More linguistic states mean more division.
R: Diversity in language weakens national unity.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – linguistic states strengthen unity.
🧠 Tip: Language ≠ division.

93.

A: The Indian Constitution is rigid in all respects.
R: No part of it can be amended easily.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false – it’s partly rigid, partly flexible.
🧠 Tip: Flexible federalism.

94.

A: The Supreme Court ensures that Centre and states respect federalism.
R: It can strike down laws that violate the Constitution.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and related.
🧠 Tip: SC = guardian of Constitution.

95.

A: The Union government alone can make amendments to the Constitution.
R: States have no role in constitutional amendments.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false – many amendments need state approval.
🧠 Tip: Centre + State = change.

96.

A: Indian federalism is a result of an agreement between provinces.
R: Like the US, Indian states formed the Union voluntarily.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both are false – India adopted federalism through the Constitution.
🧠 Tip: Constitution, not compact.

97.

A: The Centre can use Article 356 to impose President’s Rule.
R: President’s Rule is used only in rare emergencies.
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: A is true, but R is only ideally true – it’s often misused.
🧠 Tip: 356 = controversy.

98.

A: Federalism allows each level of government to have its own court.
R: States in India have their own Supreme Court.
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A is false – courts are unified under one Supreme Court.
🧠 Tip: One SC for all.

99.

A: Local governments help promote accountable governance.
R: They are closer to the people and understand local needs.
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Both true and well-linked.
🧠 Tip: Local = visible = accountable.

100.

A: Federalism in India is static and unchanging.
R: It is rigidly fixed by the Constitution.
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: Both false – Indian federalism evolves with time.
🧠 Tip: Flexible by design.

Mastering Assertion and Reason type questions on Federalism will boost your understanding and exam performance. Keep practicing to sharpen your skills and gain confidence!

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